Key Strategies for Preventing Pressure Ulcers

Key Strategies for Preventing Pressure Ulcers in Wheelchair Users and Bedridden Individuals

August 22, 2024

Pressure ulcers, are a serious concern for individuals who spend prolonged periods in a wheelchair or bedridden. These ulcers tend to develop in areas where the bones are close to the skin, such as the sacrum, ischial tuberosities, and heels. Preventing these ulcers requires a proactive approach that includes proper body alignment, regular repositioning, and, in some cases, the application of specialized dressings. This blog will explore key prevention strategies tailored to those at high risk of developing pressure ulcers.

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Preventing Pressure Ulcers in Wheelchair Users

For individuals who rely on wheelchairs, the sacrum, ischial tuberosities, and heels are particularly vulnerable to pressure ulcers. To prevent these ulcers, it is crucial to maintain proper sitting posture and regularly change positions.

1. Correct Sitting Posture

Maintaining an appropriate sitting posture can significantly reduce pressure on key areas like the sacrum and ischial tuberosities. Proper posture helps distribute weight more evenly, reducing the risk of developing pressure ulcers.

2. Frequent Position Changes

It is recommended that wheelchair users change their position at least 12 times a day. This regular shifting alleviates pressure on vulnerable areas, allowing blood flow to return and minimizing the risk of tissue breakdown.

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Preventing Pressure Ulcers in Bedridden Individuals

Bedridden individuals are at a higher risk of developing pressure ulcers due to prolonged immobility. To mitigate this risk, the following precautions are essential:

1. Regular Position Changes

Changing the lying position every two hours or more frequently is the most effective way to prevent pressure ulcers. This routine allows different areas of the body to be relieved of pressure, reducing the risk of tissue damage.

2. Optimal Lying Positions

30-Degree Lateral Position: This position reduces pressure on the hips and ischial tuberosities, significantly lowering the risk of pressure ulcers in these areas.
30-Degree Semi-Fowler’s Position: This position lessens the pressure on the sacrum and coccyx, helping prevent ulcers in these regions.

Can Wound Dressings Help Prevent Pressure Ulcers?

While wound dressings are typically used for treating existing wounds, they can also be valuable in preventing pressure ulcers in high-risk areas for bedridden individuals. Foam dressings, particularly silicone foam dressings, can be applied to areas prone to ulcers, such as the sacrum or heels. These dressings help prevent skin friction and reduce localized pressure, thereby lowering the risk of ulcer formation.

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Sacrum Silicone Foam Dressing

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Preventing pressure ulcers in wheelchair users and bedridden individuals requires a proactive approach that includes maintaining correct posture, frequent position changes, and, when appropriate, the use of protective dressings. By following these guidelines, caregivers can significantly reduce the risk of pressure ulcers and improve the overall well-being of those in their care.